Turbocharger Parts and Components
A turbocharger is an extremely precise mechanical device designed to increase engine power by efficiently compressing and supplying air to the cylinders. Although a turbocharger may appear to be a single component at first glance, it consists of many complex, high-precision parts that operate under extreme conditions – high pressure, high temperature, and immense loads. In this article, we will take a detailed look at all the main turbocharger parts, their functions, prices, and the most well-known manufacturers.
Main Turbocharger Components
Each turbocharger consists of several main assemblies: the compressor side, the turbine side, and the central housing (CHRA – Center Housing Rotating Assembly). Each of these components has its own important function, ensuring smooth turbocharger operation.
1. Compressor Side
The compressor side is responsible for compressing air and supplying it to the engine. It consists of the following main parts:
- Compressor Wheel – a rotating part that draws in ambient air and compresses it. It is usually made of aluminum or titanium to be lightweight yet strong enough to withstand high loads. Well-known manufacturers: BorgWarner, Garrett, Mitsubishi Turbo.
- Compressor Housing – an aluminum alloy housing where the compressor wheel rotates and which directs air into the intake system.
- Compressor Inlet – the opening through which ambient air is drawn in.
- Diffuser – a channel where air velocity is converted into static pressure, increasing air density before it is delivered to the engine.
2. Turbine Side
The turbine side is responsible for converting exhaust gas energy into mechanical energy, which spins the compressor.
- Turbine Wheel – it rotates under the force of exhaust gas flow and transfers power through the shaft to the compressor wheel. It is usually made of nickel alloys, such as Inconel, due to its resistance to extreme temperatures (over 1000°C).
- Turbine Housing – made of heat-resistant cast iron or nickel alloys. It directs exhaust gases to the turbine wheel.
- Wastegate Valve – regulates pressure in the turbine housing and prevents it from exceeding set limits.
- Variable Turbine Geometry (VTG) Blades – regulate exhaust gas flow, optimizing turbocharger operation at different RPMs.
3. Central Housing (CHRA – Center Housing Rotating Assembly)
The CHRA is the main part of the turbocharger, connecting the compressor and turbine sides. It contains bearings and the lubrication system.
- Central Shaft (Shaft & Journal Bearings) – connects the compressor and turbine wheels and transfers power.
- Bearings – turbochargers can have two types of bearings: journal bearings or ball bearings. The latter allow for faster response times and lower friction.
- Seals & Piston Rings – prevent oil from entering the intake or exhaust systems.
- Oil Supply and Drain Channels – ensure continuous oil flow and cooling.
How Much Do Turbocharger Parts Cost?
The prices of turbocharger parts depend on the manufacturer, materials, and technological solutions. Here are some examples:
- Compressor Wheel – from 50 to 500 EUR depending on size and material.
- Turbine Wheel – around 100–700 EUR (especially expensive models made of Inconel alloys).
- Bearing Kit – around 50–300 EUR, with ball bearings being more expensive.
- CHRA Unit – around 200–1200 EUR, depending on the engine type.
- Complete Turbocharger – costs from 500 EUR to several thousand euros, especially for models from Garrett, BorgWarner, or Holset.
Most Well-Known Turbocharger Manufacturers
There are several major turbocharger manufacturers worldwide that supply parts to both automakers and the aftermarket:
- Garrett Advancing Motion – one of the most well-known manufacturers, with turbos used in BMW, Volkswagen, and Ford vehicles.
- BorgWarner – supplies turbos for Audi, Porsche, and Mercedes-AMG.
- Holset (Cummins Turbo Technologies) – specializes in turbochargers for trucks and industrial engines.
- Mitsubishi Turbo – manufactures turbos for Mitsubishi, Nissan, and Subaru vehicles.
A turbocharger is a complex, high-precision mechanism where each part plays an important role. To ensure long-term operation, it is important to use high-quality components and choose reliable manufacturers. Properly maintained turbochargers can last hundreds of thousands of kilometers and ensure maximum engine efficiency.